Whiplash Associated Disorder (WAD)
What is it?
WAD is an injury of the neck resulting from rapid back and forth movement of the head. It can also be referred to as neck sprains or strains. The symptoms, treatment, and recovery time of WAD may vary depending on the severity of injury.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/whiplash/symptoms-causes/syc-20378921
Classification
Grades of WAD
| Grade | Classification |
|---|---|
| 0 | No complaint about the neck. No physical sign(s). |
| I | Complaint of neck pain, stiffness or tenderness only. No physical sign(s). |
| II | Neck complaint AND musculoskeletal sign(s). Musculoskeletal signs include decreased range of motion and point tenderness. |
| III | Neck complaint AND neurological sign(s). Neurologic signs include decreased or absent deep tendon reflexes, weakness, and sensory deficits. |
| IV | Neck complaint AND fracture or dislocation. |
https://www.physio-pedia.com/Quebec_task_force_Classification_of_Grades_of_WAD
Common causes
- Rear-end car crash
- Physical abuse or assault
- Contact sports
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/whiplash/symptoms-causes/syc-20378921
Physiotherapy
WAD treatment is dependent on injury severity. Medication, exercise, and Physiotherapy are all useful tools for pain management and recovery. Physiotherapists will use hands-on techniques, modalities, and prescribe gentle exercises to help manage pain, restore neck range of motion, and improve neck strength. The use of cervical collars can help initially in managing acute pain but are not recommended for long-term use. Too much immobilisation can lead to reduced neck strength and lengthen recovery time. A healthcare professional can advise on how long to wear a cervical collar for.